## Linux Navigation

Linux powers 90% of the internet's servers, 100% of supercomputers, and most hacking tools. If you can't use the terminal, you can't do cyber.

### The File System Hierarchy
Linux does not have `C:`. It starts at Root `/`.
*   `/` **(Root)**: The base.
*   `/home`: User directories. (e.g., `/home/baris`). Equivalent to `C:Users`.
*   `/etc`: Configuration files. (e.g., `/etc/passwd`).
*   `/var`: Variable data (Logs live in `/var/log`).
*   `/bin`: Binaries (Programs) like `ls`, `cat`.
*   `/tmp`: Temporary files. Cleared on reboot.

### Basic Commands
1.  `pwd` (**Print Working Directory**): Where am I?
    *   Output: `/home/kali`
2.  `ls` (**List**): Show files.
    *   `ls -l`: Long listing (Permissions, Size, Owner).
    *   `ls -a`: All files (Including hidden files starting with `.`).
    *   `ls -la`: Hidden + Long. (Muscle memory).
3.  `cd` (**Change Directory**): Move.
    *   `cd Downloads`: Go to Downloads.
    *   `cd ..`: Go up one level.
    *   `cd ~`: Go home.
    *   `cd /`: Go to root.

### Absolute vs Relative Paths
*   **Absolute**: Full address. Always works.
    *   `cd /var/log/apache2`
*   **Relative**: Relative to where you are.
    *   If you are in `/var`, you can type `cd log`.

### Exercise
Open your terminal.
1.  Type `pwd`.
2.  Type `cd /etc`.
3.  Type `ls`. Look for `passwd`.
4.  Type `cd ..` to go back to root.